A friend of mine, Colin Keigher, recently did some interesting research into how Scanlife's proprietary EZCode 2D barcode system functions. He did a presentation of it at BazCamp Vancouver about his findings, and has also written a detailed blog entry explaining his findings.
It's fascinating to see the breakdown of what he found, and it's enough to make me want to check the format of any 2D barcode i'm trying to scan. I'm not quite sure how prevalent these codes are in the United States yet, but I know they're starting to show up in Canadian newspapers.

